The importance of entry and to deter entry in case of firms in Essay

The importance of entry and to deter entry in case of firms in different market structures - Essay Example h barriers to entry as it is necessary to prove that in monopoly a firm enjoying a high percentage of market shares can translate it into market power (ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT, 2007, p. 1). Both Walmart and Loblaw are engaged in same type of business activities. They will engage themselves in activities that will prevent entry of competitors. If the two competitors compete between themselves they will end up in creating barriers that will not enable themselves to diversify their business. In fact this will not be desirable outcome from the firms’ point of view and consumers’ welfare will get affected (Carlton, 2005, p.9). Strategies used by firms to deter entry The incumbent firm can involve itself in three types of strategies to deter entry. They are: Limit Pricing, Predatory pricing and capacity expansion. The strategy of limit pricing is illegal in many countries. A limit price is a strategy mainly used by the monopolists to deter entry . They used to set a price that would be faced by the entrant on entry into the market until the existing firm did not act to decrease the output. The limit price is generally set at a level which is less than the average cost of production. It can also be set at the level where entry is just not profitable. This discourages the new entrants (Roberts and Milgrom, 1982, p. 444). The second strategy is used by the incumbent by charging a price that is low relative to the price of the other products before the entry takes place. Often it appears that other firms who initially were not in the market of a certain product express their opinion to enter the market. It is the price of the product that influences their decisions. The already existing firms in the market can discourage the new entrants by... The incumbent firm can involve itself in three types of strategies to deter entry. They are Limit Pricing, Predatory pricing and capacity expansion. The strategy of limit pricing is illegal in many countries. A limit price is a strategy mainly used by the monopolists to deter entry. They used to set a price that would be faced by the entrant on entry into the market until the existing firm did not act to decrease the output. The limit price is generally set at a level which is less than the average cost of production. It can also be set at the level where entry is just not profitable. This discourages the new entrants.The second strategy is used by the incumbent by charging a price that is low relative to the price of the other products before the entry takes place. Often it appears that other firms who initially were not in the market of a certain product express their opinion to enter the market. It is the price of the product that influences their decisions. The already existing f irms in the market can discourage the new entrants by charging a low price for the products. Thus the potential entrants can be ignored and their consumer base will not be affected. If the potential entrants find it unsustainable to continue to operate in the market, they tend to move out of the business which provides a wider consumer base for the existing firms. Then the incumbent can raise the prices of the product and exploit the market power.

Attitudes towards Christianity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Attitudes towards Christianity - Essay Example He has several incisive interpretations with regard to slaveholders’ religion. He described them as ‘allegedly Christians who have no worries about isolating and selling some of their own church members. He showcases different slavery styles practiced by native and European Americans. Â  Bibb presents an image of a man trapped between a dilemma of two worlds; a past of slavery and a freedom in the future that he was eagerly awaiting to be part of. Unlike other slave narratives, Henry Bibb showed the value of family through his relentless struggle for freedom. Â  Harriet Wilson uses her epigraph, ‘Our Nig’, to foreground images of blood, distress, crucifixion, and misery that the blacks experienced in the hands of their masters. Mrs. Wilson, unlike her fellow novelists of black origin within that particular decade, was able to underpin her materials a little more readily. This she did by taking a closer adherence to experiences which had details of pain and suffering. This epigraph showcases a horror of how the healthy body Frado is transformed to utmost liability from her toughest asset. She is beaten, tortured and even fractured just because her color was hated upon. Â  A bible (derived from a Latin word Biblia which means books) is made up of Christian scriptures which make up the books in the bible. These books are referred to as canons (a Greek word that refers to norms or rules). Canons contain only the authoritative books hence studied regularly during church sessions. Here the people are taught on the commandments and their importance to Christians. These commandments act as guidelines for the people maintaining a peaceful coexistence amongst them. These commandments are mostly derived from the old testament of the bible. Â  In Henry Bibb’s narrative, we learn that the slaveholders manipulated the scripture in the sense that it benefited them.

Literary Analysis Of Beowulf English Literature Essay

Literary Analysis Of Beowulf English Literature Essay Ever sense the beginning of time there have been epic stories about heros and courageous leaders who take down evil and bring peace to the people they protect, Beowulf is no different from this. Beowulf is an epic story that relates well to the time that it was introduced by having the stories of the epic battles and the defeats of the treacherous monsters that kept everyone entertained during this era. Not only does Beowulf represent the era well but it also has very interesting characters, themes and symbols that help teach us lessons that are very much so needed in todays society. Beowulf teaches us courage, it shows us characters such as Beowulf himself that are true to his word and self-confident, and it also shows us symbols that give an image of God and the hope that he brings to the people that believe in his word. When Beowulf arrives to the land of the Danes, as soon as they dock and get off of their ship Beowulf shows his courage instantly by taking the lead and explaining to the guards that watched out for raiders and enemy ships approaching who they were and where they were from so that they may advance to the Heorot which he had heard much about. After they get inside Heorot Beowulf truly shows his courage when he tells Hrothgar about all of the triumphs he had when he was younger and how when he heard of their problem with Grendel and how he planned to be a match for him so that he could be the one to bring peace back to Heorot. The news of Grendel, hard to ignore, reached me at home: sailors brought stories of the plight you suffer in this legendary hall, how it lies deserted, empty and useless once the evening light hides itself under heavens dome. [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] Now I mean to be a match for Grendel, settle the outcome in single combat. (410 414 425-426) He also explains how he is nt afraid of death because if he is going to die it will happen whether he wants it to or not and by doing this he gives king Hrothgar peace by knowing that he is courageous enough to take on this challenge and not be afraid by the terror that his people have been facing for the last 12 years. whichever one death fells must deem it a just judgment by God [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] Fate goes ever as fate must. (440-441 455). Not only is Beowulf extremely courageous but he is the mold that heros model themselves after he is noble, true to his word and his unquestionable trust in his skills. When Beowulf gets to Heorot and they begin to feast Unfearth goes up to Beowulf and questions the race that he and Brecca had in the fierce open sea saying that no matter what he had done before that he would not be able to defeat Grendel because many great warriors had come before him and his fate would be no different, however Beowulf has trust in his skills that God has graced him with just as he did when he raced Brecca in the open sea. The truth is this: when the going was heavy in those high waves, I was the strongest swimmer of all (532 534). By Beowulf saying this he is letting Unfearth know that now as well as when he raced Brecca he is the best and will not be beaten. Beowulf then begins to challenge Unfearths skills by saying if he was really as courageous as he has been saying he is then Grendel wouldnt be able to get away with killing all of Hrothgars people and that Beowulf will show Grendel different and that he will show him his skill. He knows he can trample down you Danes to his hearts content, humiliate and murder without fear of reprisal. But he will find me different. I will show him how Geats shape to kill in the heart of battle. (599 603) Beowulf by saying this is showing that he has great confidence in his skill as a warrior and that he do what Unfearth has been unable to do, which is free Heorot of their burden of Grendel. Later in the story Grendel appears in the night to eat the bodies of the soldiers that are in the middle of their slumber inside of Heorot and Beowulf is waiting for him to do as he said he would. After their battle Grendel had been beaten by Beowulf Grendel was driven under the fen-banks, fatally hurt (818-819) by defeating Grendel Beowulf was true to his word and accomplished what he had set out to do The Geat captain had boldly fulfilled his boast to the Danes: he had healed and relieved a huge distress (827 829). Beowulf has many things inside the story that a symbolic of God and how he can deliver us from our demons, or Grendel in this case that constantly torment us and cause us dismay in our everyday lifes. When Beowulf is at the feast when he arrives at Heorot he is sitting at a bench when the helming woman came by to give him a drink with measured words she welcomed the Geat and thanked God for granting her wish that a deliverer she could believe in would arrive to ease their afflictions. (625 628) When she tells him this it gives a kind of Godly presence to Beowulf that he is their savior and he will relieve them of their transgression that is Grendel and his murderous ways. In the beginning of the story it talks about how a leader will come one day that would be set apart from others that had come before to deliver the Danish people from all their problems. It also states that the shield was still alive when it was the mans time to go into the lords keeping. Shield was still thriving when his time came and he crossed over into the Lords keeping. (26 27) This is symbolic of how the shield is Gods word and Gods protection over us how when we have it with us in our lives we will be taken by him when our time comes to spend eternity in his kingdom. Another interesting symbol in the story is Grendel the story often refers to him as God-cursed (711) which is similar to the devil who was banished and cursed for the rest of eternity just as Grendel was as he was always living in torment and all that would ease him is the pain and suffering of others such as when he arrived at Heorot and saw all the men sleeping there. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ his glee was demonic, picturing the mayhem: before morning he would rip life from lib and devour them (730 732) Grendel enjoyed causing misery in the lives of the Danes much like the devil enjoys seeing suffering in our lifes. Beowulf is an amazing story that teaches us courage, it shows us characters such as Beowulf himself that are true to his word and self-confident, and it also shows us symbols that give an image of God and the hope that he brings to the people that believe in his word. Whether its courage or just teaching us to believe and trust in God through any transgressions that we encounter in life Beowulf can teach us many valuable lessons that can help make us better people.

Curiosity :: Essays Papers

Curiosity One characteristic of Jessica Donnally in the book, Don’t Scream, by Joan Lowery Nixon, is curiosity. Jess spends much of her time attempting to find out the details of other people’s lives, and it often gets her in trouble. The main characters in the book are Jessica Donnally, Lori Roberts, Mark Malik and Scott Alexandar. Jess is a normal sixteen-year-old girl with an unsatisfiable curiosity and a great compassion for kids. Lori is Jess’s best friend. Mark and Scott have both recently moved to Oakberry, Texas. Jess is excited when she learns that there is going to be two new students in her school. When she finds out that one of them, Mark, is moving in next door, she jumps at the chance to welcome him. Her mom bakes a cake and when Jess takes it over to the Malik’s house, she finds out that they are a little different from most families. Mrs. Malik seems confused and threatened by Jess offering her the cake as a welcome gift. However, Mark seems semi-normal, and he explains that where his family used to live, in New York, people are not neighborly. Jessica likes Mark despite that she does not know much about him. When she calls Lori, Jess discovers that she is interested in a new student also, Scott. Before the school year starts, Jess and Lori decide to spend one last day at the nearby lake. To get to the lake, they take a shortcut through the woods. They are the only ones who know about the shortcut. On the way to the lake, they stop at a large rock they had named Castle Rock as children. Instead of continuing on to the lake, Jess and Lori sit on the rock and talk for a while. Then, Jess thinks someone is watching them, and both of them run out of the forest. That night, Jess sees Mark again and is curious about what looks like tree moss on his shoes. She immediately questions him about whether he has ever been in the woods. However, even when Mark says he has never been in the woods, Jess has a herd time believing him. Something in his voice does not seem right. The next morning, Mark asks Jess to walk with him to school. Mark tells her that he has a really bad temper and wants her to help him stay out of trouble.

Shakespeare-Macbeth Essay

Throughout the play as Macbeth wades out into the river of blood that he has created, with each death he is responsible for, he distances himself from her more and more. He does this to protect her, but instead it has the effect of isolating her. Sending her further and further into her own counsel, which drives her insane. Unable to cope with all that she has done and is responsible for. Her dreams are plagued by guilt. She has not place to escape from herself or her mind so she does the only thing she can, kills herself. The ultimate act to escape herself, and the reality she has made for herself. After Banquo is murdered, she retreats more and more and we no longer see her as part of a couple but as a separate entity. Fighting to cope, and realising that she had been naive to believe ‘a little water shall wash us of this deed’ when she proclaims in utmost horror ‘out damn spot! out I say! † when in her minds eye the guilt can never be removed from her hands. Macbeth begins to rely on knowledge and the security supplied him by the witches words. It is they who he seeks for advice and answers in the play, and with the answers he receives relies upon himself as the invincible entity. no one born of woman shall harm Macbeth’†¦ Towards the end of the play Lady Macbeth is overcome by guilt and becomes patently mad. She hallucinates ‘out damned spot! Out, I say! ‘ Lady Macbeth is sleepwalking and is speaking to herself; she can see blood and tries to wash it off but nothing will make the blood disappear. I think the blood represents the guilt she feels because of the realisation of her plot to kill King Duncan. Macbeth is still trying to come to terms with his relentless remorse because of his involvement in the killings of King Duncan, Banquo, Lady Macduff and her children. Macbeth doesn’t see Lady Macbeth’s suffering. Lady Macbeth does, however see Macbeth’s emotional anguish when they are holding a party. Macbeth sees an apparition of Banquo, his trusty and loyal friend who he ordered to be killed. Macbeth starts to rave at Banquo’s apparent ghost ‘Prithee, see there! Behold, look, lo! How say you! ‘ Lady Macbeth then tries to excuse her husband’s behaviour to all the guests, ‘think of this, good peers, but as thing of custom. ‘Tis no other, it only spoils the pleasure of the time. Lady Macbeth is not necessarily worried about Macbeth and his mental state because of her love for him, she is merely worried about her husband exposing the secret that only her and Macbeth know about, killing King Duncan. After Macbeth’s outburst she shows feelings of embarrassment and being ashamed of her husband’s behaviour as he was showing that he was weak and not worthy of becoming King. ‘You have displaced the mirth, broke the good meeting with most admired disorder’. This comment was to humiliate Macbeth and make him feel ashamed and guilty of his lack of self.

Literary Criticism Paper

An archetype Is a reoccurring pattern of Images, symbols, or a situation. The hero archetype Is one who tries to fulfill a necessary task and tries to restore Justice to a society. The hero will commonly go through the hero's journey in search for truth and information on restoring Justice to a society. All archetypal heroes share certain characteristics. In 1984, by George Orwell, Winston follows the hero's cycle because there is nothing told of his childhood, he looses favor with the Party, and Winston is not burled after all.Throughout the book ‘We are told nothing of his holding† (Garry 1 1 ) besides the few memories or dreams he shares with Julia or himself. After waking up crying one morning, Winston shares a memory of his childhood Tijuana; he recalls the time him and his sister and mother spent most of their days in underground shelters, hiding from air raids. Many times, Winston and his family went without food. From starving one day, Winston stole chocolate from his mother and sister and ran away, never seeing them again.Winston constantly dreams about his mother and Is convinced he murdered her because he stole her chocolate and left her there to starve. However, his subconscious Is his only road to the truth. Although the reader is given small memories on his childhood â€Å"nothing remained of his childhood except a series of bright-lit tableaux occurring against no background and mostly unintelligible† (Orwell, 3). Implying, the reader is not really told anything of his childhood besides the subconscious memories and few unclear images In 1984, the God Is represented through Big Brother.This Is true because Big Brother Is perceived as the ruler of Oceania and he Is a very high figure to the people. Big Brother's face is constantly being broadcasted and he is even stamped on he coins. Thus, Winston â€Å"Later loses favor with the gods and/or his subjects† (11) by wanting to do many rebellious acts and hateful thoughts. Fo r example, Winston begins to have sex with Julia, which was only, â€Å"a blow struck against the Party† (126).Implying there was no true emotion towards Julia and Winston and Julia only had sex to rebel against the Party because having sex Is a major crime In Oceania. Also, Winston looses his support towards the Party shown when he wrote â€Å"Down with Big Brother† in his diary. Again, signifying his hatred towards the society and writes to mind people of the better times in Oceania and writes about what it used to be and what it can still become. Towards the end of the book Winston and Julia are surrounded by troops of the Thought Police.From there Winston is taken to the horrid Room 101 where he Is tortured. Room 101 holds the person's greatest fear and for Winston It Is rats. As the rats come closer to his face he yells, â€Å"Do It to Julia! Do It to Julia! Not me! Julia! I don't care what you do to her. Tear her face off strip her to the bones. Not me! Julia! N ot me! † (286). It is here Winston betrayals Julia and fully egging to believe and love Big Brother and the Party. Winston did not only betrayal Julia, but he also abandons himself.Winston follows the hero cycle because â€Å"His body is not buried, but nevertheless† (1 1 Meaning the Ministry of Love broke and tortured his mind and will and mentally killed him but Winston Is still physically living. Hang out with Julia. However, he is essentially a slave because he cannot express any of his own feelings of rebellion, including to himself in the privacy of his mind. Winston was a very mentally strong character who understood the corrupt world he ivies in while nobody else does.During the beginning of the book he does not find any pleasure in Big Brother and as the story progresses he starts to love Big Brother. His goal is to change society's means and gain the freedom of thought back. However, he is a bizarre hero because he is middle-aged, has an average intelligence, and is very weak. He is a hero, although, with different heroic characteristics. Finally he is a hero because, Winston childhood is a mystery, his support for the Party is lost, and he becomes a walking slave for the Party and Big Brother.